By continuing you agree to the.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors.ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V.URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128000182000224,URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781893997981000142,URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128001592000555,URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167730608606250,URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128001592000531,URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124157590000406,URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128095218000088,URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123864543000488,URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781437706604000314,Physical, Hematological, and Histopathological Signs of Toxicity Induced by African Medicinal Plants,Toxicological Survey of African Medicinal Plants,Genetic Transformation of Crops for Oil Production,Threats to Wildlife by Chemical and Warfare Agents,Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents (Second Edition),Irwin J. Goldstein Ph.D., ... Ronald D. Poretz Ph.D., in,Potential Agents That Can Cause Contamination of Animal Feedstuffs and Terror,Millard and LeClaire, 2008; Worbs et al., 2011,Audi et al., 2005; Jackson and Halbert, 2006,Safety Assessment including Current and Emerging Issues in Toxicologic Pathology,Bryan L. Stegelmeier, ... Daniel Cook, in,Haschek and Rousseaux's Handbook of Toxicologic Pathology (Third Edition),Chemical Derivatization of Castor Oil and Their Industrial Utilization,Rachapudi B.N. Ricinus communis, popularly known as castor bean, is a cultivar belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family (Salihu, Gana & Apuyor, 2014). A review.Lethal Injection of a Castor Bean Extract: Ricinine Quantification as a Marker for Ricin Exposure Using a Validated LC-MS/MS Method.Potential Hepatotoxins Found in Herbal Medicinal Products: A Systematic Review.Green leaves and seeds alcoholic extract controls Sporobulus indicus germination in laboratory conditions.Anticancer Activities of Ricin-Liposome Complexes on SKMEL-28 Cells. Amongst all, the Ricinus communis or castor plant has high traditional and medicinal value for maintain the disease free healthy life. 2019 Oct;392(10):1181-1208. doi: 10.1007/s00210-019-01691-6. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 4 , 25–29 (2012). Ricin is extremely toxic, and as little as 500 μg can be lethal for an adult human. Epub 2016 Jun 11.Bi W, Gao Y, Shen J, He C, Liu H, Peng Y, Zhang C, Xiao P.J Ethnopharmacol. The unsaturation of castor oil particularly that of RA can involve in the reactions like.Toxin: The primary toxin is ricin, a type 2 ribosome-inactivating protein, which is located in the seeds.Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number: 9009-86-3.Chemical Structure: A heterodimeric protein with consisting of a toxin A-chain (∼32’kDa) linked to a toxin B-chain (∼34’kDa) by a disulfide bridge.Mechanism of Action: Ricin is a protein synthesis inhibitor. The third toxin is the lectin, agglutinin.
The crop also involves labor-intensive harvesting process, which warrants the United States and other developed countries to pursue castor plantation (,Oil extraction is usually carried out by mechanical expression or solvent extraction, or both and average oil content is about 45%–55% by weight depending on the castor varieties and geographical location (.Since ages, castor oil has been used in variety of medicinal applications including as a purgative laxative stimulant and it is classified by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as generally recognized as safe and effective (GRASE). Some special characteristics of this acid, such as a high molecular weight, a low melting point (5°C), a very low solidification point (−12°C to −18°C), and the highest and most stable viscosity, render it extremely useful for industrial purposes. The mucosa of rumen, stomach, and small intestine is severely congested and edematous.
& Thonn.) Comparatively, ricin is more toxic. The toxin A-chain is an.Effects: Ingestion of intact seeds generally will not cause toxicity.
The compounds have been reported to exhibit anticonceptive, antidiabetic, antifertility, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, insecticidal and wound-healing activities. Google Scholar Most of these changes develop within 6 hours of ingestion, and the duration is generally less than 24 hours.Treatment is generally supportive, with fluids, electrolytes, glucose, and dieresis.
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