To date, there is no antidote against abrin intoxication. Ricin and abrin are potent biological toxins that are derived from plant sources (castor beans and rosary peas, respectively). Saving Lives, Protecting People,National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH),Plague Q & A (naturally occurring disease),CDC Plague Home Page (naturally occurring disease),Publications, Education & Training Materials,Viral hemorrhagic fevers (filoviruses [e.g., Ebola, Marburg] and arenaviruses [e.g., Lassa, Machupo]),Case Definition: Caustic or Corrosive Agents,Case Definition: Arsine or Stibine Poisoning,Toxic Syndrome Description: Arsine or Stibine Poisoning,Case Definition: Vesicant (Mustards, Dimethyl Sulfate, and Lewisite),Toxic Syndrome Description: Vesicant/Blister Agent Poisoning,Case Definition: Opioids (Fentanyl, Etorphine, or Others) Poisoning,Potential Health Effects Associated with Hydrazine and Satellite Reentry,Facts about Hydrogen Fluoride (Hydrofluoric Acid),Long-acting anticoagulant (super warfarin),Case Definition: âSuper Warfarinâ Poisoning,Case Definition: Methyl Bromide Poisoning,Case Definition: Methyl Isocyanate Poisoning,Case Definition: Nerve Agents or Organophosphates,Toxic Syndrome Description: Nerve Agent and Organophosphate Pesticide Poisoning,Case Definition: Riot Control Agent Poisoning,Toxic Syndrome Description: Riot Control Agent Poisoning,Toxic Syndrome Description: Sodium Azide Poisoning,Case Definition: Sodium Monofluoroacetate Poisoning,Case Definition: Sulfuryl Fluoride Poisoning,Super warfarin (long-acting anticoagulant),Case Definition: Trichothecene Mycotoxin Poisoning,U.S. The median toxic dose for humans ranges from 10 to 1000 micrograms per kilogram when ingested and is 3.3 micrograms per kilogram when inhaled. Abrin, a highly toxic plant protein found in the seeds of Abrus precatorius plant. In the body, these toxins inhibit protein synthesis leading to cell death. Ancient times. Abrin is an extremely toxic toxalbumin found in the seeds of the rosary pea (or jequirity pea), Abrus precatorius. Powdered abrin is yellowish-white in color. Abrin is similar to ricin, a toxin that also is found in the seeds of a plant (the castor bean plant). Abrin, like the similar plant toxin ricin, causes toxicity by inhibiting the formation (synthesis) of proteins in the cells of the exposed individual. Numerous laboratory studies in mammals have demonstrated that ricin and abrin are highly toxic and potentially fatal to animals and humans. Ricin and abrin are potent biological toxins that are derived from plant sources (castor beans and rosary peas, respectively). Abrin is used in medical research because of its potential as a treatment to kill cancer cells. The quaternary structure of ricin is a globular, glycosylated heterodimer of approximately 60–65 kDa. Clinical manifestations are dependent on the route of exposure. Both toxins belong to the large family of ribosome-inactivating proteins and contain two disulfide-linked heterodimeric chains (A and B) with similar molecular mass (32 and 34 kDa). It has a median toxic dose of 0.7 micrograms per kilogram of body mass when given to mice intravenously (approximately 31.4 times more toxic than ricin, being 22 micrograms per kilogram). Abrin can be made in the form of a powder, a mist, or a pellet, or it can be dissolved in water. Inhalation typically leads to respiratory distress, fever, and cough followed by the development of pulmonary edema, hypotension, respiratory failure, and possibly death within 36 to 72 hours.The amount and route of the exposure to ricin or abrin and the premorbid condition of the person exposed will contribute to the time of onset and the severity of illness. Abrin and ricin exert toxicity through inhibition of protein synthesis, which results in cell death. In the body, these toxins inhibit protein synthesis leading to cell death. Ricin toxin A chain and ricin toxin B chain are of similar molecular weights, approximately 32 …
Abrin … By continuing you agree to the.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors.ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V.Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents,https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374484-5.00025-0. More is known about ricin toxicity; however, abrin toxicity is similar in its mechanism of action. Department of Health & Human Services.
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