1998; Bosch et al. An international study led by The Australian National University has found a fungal disease has caused dramatic population declines in more than 500 amphibian species, including 90 extinctions, over the past 50 years. The dashed line shows the prevalence predicted from the best-fitting logistic model. Bd is a chytrid fungus that attacks amphibian hosts and has led to population declines and extirpations around the world (e.g., Berger et al. 2001; Muths et al. Study reveals extent of chytrid fungus and how devastating it has been for frog, toad and salamander species worldwide.A deadly disease that wiped out global populations of amphibians led to the decline of 500 species in the past 50 years, including 90 extinctions, scientists say.A global research effort, led by the Australian National University, has for the first time quantified the worldwide impact of.The disease was first discovered in 1998 by researchers at James Cook University in Queensland investigating the cause of mysterious, mass amphibian deaths.They found evidence that at least 501 species had declined as a result of chytrid fungus and 90 of those were presumed or confirmed extinct.“The results are pretty astounding” Benjamin Scheele, a research fellow at the ANU and the project’s lead researcher, said.“We’ve known that chytrid is really bad for the better part of two decades but actually researching and quantifying those declines, that’s what this study does.”.The scientists identified declines in amphibian species in Europe, Africa, Central and South America and Australia because of the disease.Scheele said there were no declines in Asia because species had evolved to be naturally resistant.The impact of the disease has been hardest in Central and South America and in eastern Australia, where it flourishes in cool and moist conditions. Toe tips are often examined for,The different infection levels among sites for,Our mark–recapture analysis did not find consistent evidence that,Both epidemiological theory and observations suggest that where a pathogen drives a host species to extinction, there is likely to be a reservoir host within which the pathogen has a reduced effect and is therefore maintained at a higher prevalence (,We did not detect infection in any of the 50 individuals of,Between 1994 and 1998, 36 excursions to Eungella National Park were made as part of a mark–recapture study of populations of frogs associated with streams.
Financial support for the retrospective analysis was provided by the Australian Research Council and the US National Science Foundation Integrated Research Challenges in Environmental Biology scheme. Fisher … Sample sizes are given in,Our results show unequivocally that remnant populations of,Another possibility consistent with our results is that,It is intriguing that we found similar seasonal fluctuations in infection levels within each year, but no evidence of variation among the 4 y of the study. The global spread of amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Bd) is associated with amphibian mass mortality, population decline, and extinction. A third of all frog species are threatened with extinction. Frogs were captured from six study sites (see,All frog species encountered were monitored, with a special focus on,In 1997, toes from six species (278 individual frogs) were histologically prepared in transverse sections stained with Ehrlich's haematoxylin for skeletochronological assessment (see,For this study, a further 196 archived toes of.We are grateful to Diana Mendez, Alex Hyatt, and the diagnostic staff at the Australian Animal Health Laboratory for diagnosis of chytrid infection, and the School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, James Cook University, for work space and technical support. All continents which have populations of frogs now too have the chytrid fungus. January 1999; ... ABSTRACT A recently described chytrid fungus, …
Funding for the original fieldwork was supplied by a grant from Australian Nature Conservation Agency (now Environment Australia) to J-M Hero, RA Alford, and KR McDonald, and an Australian Post-Graduate Research Award to R Retallick.
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