These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. The quadratic effect of enzyme amount and temperature has a negative effect on product formation but the quadratic effect of the enzyme amount is very significant compared to temperature. From the contour response in Fig. The increasing amount of enzyme, at fixed temperature, initially increases product recovery but at the end addition of enzyme reduces the yield, and the optimum conversion is obtained at temperature range of 6065.This result corresponds with the results of analysis of variance where the linear effect of concentration and temperature has positive and significant impact on product formation.
From the response, it can be obtained the variable level in which the conversion of oleic acid is optimum. From Table 2, all linier coefficients, two quadratic terms (substrate molar ratio and enzyme amount), and all cross product coefficients are highly significant (P < 0.02).
2.The bare Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles have an anomalous spherical shape with wide size distribution, and the aggregation of the particles is dense (Fig. The hydrophilic nanoparticles produce a clear and transparent solution in water (1 wt%) with moderate upconversion emission, slightly brighter in comparison with hydrophilic nanoparticles obtained via ligand oxidation (,Other ligands, such as hexanedioic acid (,Chicken fat is produced from poultry waste or rendering of chicken feathers. Thus, the presence of water has less of an impact on esterification than on transesterification (,It has been noted that the yield of biodiesel from low-cost raw materials is usually lower than it is from refined materials. While the chemical shift in δ = 2.1 ppm (t, 2H) showing 2 pieces protons on group CH2-C=O.
This surfactant is a nonionic surfactant and has been developed in the industry because of their emollient and lubricating properties, and low reactivity. Most of the work on lipase-catalyzed amidification reported in the literature is based on the reactions using fatty ester substrate. On the other hand, if the ratio amine and oleic acid is greater than one, the media reaction is alkaline and amidification reaction is more dominant because there is more reactive amine group. In this study, normality at the common ANOVA assumption was taken. After surface modification, the particles maintain their original … RSM is an efficient statistical tool for optimization of multiple variables to predict the best performance conditions using a minimum number of experiments [14]. Studies show that lysozyme complexed with other components exhibits great antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. 1, it can be seen that the data are distributed around the straight line. The efforts taken for it are not only studying the influence of each reaction variables to the yield, but also studying the interaction effect of variables to the yield and finding the optimum condition.As optimization is one of the most important engineering tools to create a process economic, safe and environmental friendly, thus in this study optimization is carried out using Central Composite Design (CCD) and analyzed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) [12,13]. Exploring SCD1, the master regulator of oleic acid synthesis, may therefore offer important insights on the role of the oleic acid largely present in olive oil. The selection of solvent, enzyme and reaction time were based on the previous study [15].In order to avoid a significant deviation on the mathematical model, the initial stage of RSM was carried out by predicting regression model, analyzing of variance and modeling verification. Chemical shift at δ = 0.9 ppm (t, 3H) shows three proton from CH3 at the end of the chain oleoyl-diethanolamide compound.δ = 1.4 ppm (m, 28H) showing 28 pieces protons on group -(CH2)n- . Selectivity of the reaction is influenced by the acid-based reaction conditions where the acid-based conditions are determined by the selection of the proper substrate molar ratio.
Surface expression of the curve shows that the optimum condition of the reaction is at the center of curvature of the curve.
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